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Mali Empire
The Mali Empire (Manding: ''Nyeni'';〔Ki-Zerbo, Joseph: "UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century", page 57. University of California Press, 1997〕 (英語:Niani)), also historically referred to as the Manden Kurufaba,〔 was a Mandinka/Bambara empire in West Africa from c. 1230 to c. 1600. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa.
Mali Empire was the largest in west Africa and profoundly influenced the culture of West Africa through the spread of its language, laws and customs along the lands along the Niger River and extending over a large area that consisted of numerous vassal kingdoms and provinces.
==The Mali Empire==
The name ''Mālī'' () was recorded as the name of the empire by Ibn Battuta (d. 1368/9). According to Battuta's contemporary Chihab al-Umari (d. 1384), the name of the empire was ''Nyeni'' (''Niani''), after its capital. Alternative variants of the name Mali included Mallel, Mel, and Melit.
The native name ''Manden'' for the territory was eponymous of the name of the ethnic group, the ''Manden’ka'', with the ''ka'' suffix meaning "people of". From the evidence of the Epic of Sundiata, a semi-historical account of the empire's foundation in the early 13th century,〔Jansen, Jan "The Intimacy of Belonging: Literacy and the Experience of Sunjata in Mali", ''History in Africa'' Vol. 38 (2011), p 107.〕 the territory with this name comprised most of present-day northern Guinea and southern Mali. The empire originated as a federation of Mandinka tribes called the ''Manden Kurufaba''〔 (Manden being the country, ''kuru'' meaning "assembly" and ''faba'' meaning "great entirety"). The rulers of Mali came to be called mansa, meaning “emperor” or “master.” Mansa Musa was Mali’s most renowned king, ruling from 1312 to 1337 CE. He was the grandson of Sundiata’s half brother, and ruled Mali at a time of great prosperity, during which trade tripled. During his rule, he doubled the land area of Mali; it became a larger kingdom than any in Europe at the time. The cities of Mali became important trading centers for all of West Africa as well as famous centers of wealth, culture, and learning. Timbuktu, an important city in Mali, became one of the major cultural centers not only of Africa but of the entire world. Vast libraries and Islamic universities were built. These became meeting places of the finest poets, scholars, and artists of Africa and the Middle East. Mansa Musa, who was Muslim, was perhaps best known outside of Mali for his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 C.E. According to some accounts, 60,000 people accompanied him, along with 200 camels laden with gold, silver, food, clothing, and other goods. This pilgrimage displayed Mansa Musa’s enormous wealth and generosity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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